1. OSI Layer Model In the OSI Layer Model, there are 7 layers used as references to help and shows how networks operate. This OSI Layer Model was first introduced by The International Standard Organization (ISO) in the late 1970s. According to the project scenario, the data travels from the student’ s computer to the OnlineLearning System server which is in the OUM IT Center will pass through all the 7 layers for the data transmission. Layer 7: Application Layer As we know, Application Layer is the top layer of the OSI Model. According to the project scenario, the student’s computer are able to direct interact with the OnlineLearning System server which located in OUM IT Center by typing the link ( https://www.oum.edu.my/ ) using any supported browsers such as Safari, Chrome or Mozilla Firefox. In this case, we can clearly say that the application layer are known as software provided for the end-user to interact with. Layer 6: Presentation Layer The presentati...